What is Capreomycin?
Capreomycin is an antituberculosis medication used to treat active tuberculosis (TB) caused by bacteria that are resistant to other treatments. It works by stopping the growth and spread of TB-causing bacteria in the body. Capreomycin is typically given intramuscularly or intravenously, usually in combination with other medications for a period of 1-2 years.
What is Capreomycin used for?
Capreomycin is an injectable aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). It belongs to the capreomycin class of drugs, which are derived from Streptomyces capreolus. As a medication, Capreomycin has been available for decades and plays a crucial role in managing TB, particularly in cases where resistance to other antibiotics is present.
Capreomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacterial cells, thereby preventing the multiplication of TB-causing bacteria. It is usually administered via injection into a vein over several hours, typically two or three times a week. The antibiotic can also be used in combination with other anti-TB medications to enhance its effectiveness and minimize the risk of developing drug-resistant TB strains.
The use of Capreomycin as an adjunct therapy in treating multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB has been recognized for many years, although its widespread adoption may vary across different regions due to factors like cost, availability, and potential side effects. Overall, Capreomycin is considered a valuable addition to the anti-TB arsenal, especially when used judiciously as part of an appropriate treatment regimen.
Pharmacological Profile
Capreomycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been shown to be effective in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, its mechanism of action primarily targets the bacterial cell wall rather than interfering with protein synthesis, which distinguishes it from aminoglycoside antibiotics such as amikacin.
The pharmacokinetics of Capreomycin involve rapid distribution and metabolism, resulting in short elimination half-lives and minimal bioavailability when administered orally. Its high molecular weight contributes to limited renal reabsorption and tubular secretion, which is consistent with the excretion characteristics of other aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Capreomycin side effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss or deafness)
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Muscle weakness
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
- Elevated creatinine levels
- Decreased urine output
- Altered mental status or coma (rare)
- Seizures (rare)
Disclaimer
The content on this website is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The information provided here is based on general research and may not apply to individual circumstances. We do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any content on this website. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any changes to your medication or health routine.