What is Diphenhydramine?
Diphenhydramine, also known as Benadryl in its over-the-counter formulation, is an antihistamine medication used to relieve allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, and sneezing. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction. Diphenhydramine is available both prescription-only and over-the-counter in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, elixirs, and topical creams. Common uses include treating hay fever, insect bites, skin allergies, motion sickness, and as a sleep aid for adults.
What is Diphenhydramine used for?
Diphenhydramine, commonly known by the brand name Benadryl, is an antihistamine medication that belongs to the ethanolamine class. It is a widely used over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medication primarily employed for its sedative effects, as well as its ability to relieve various symptoms associated with allergic reactions. As an antihistamine, diphenhydramine works by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction that causes blood vessels to dilate, leading to increased permeability and inflammation.
Pharmacological Profile
Diphenhydramine has a wide range of applications. It is commonly used for relieving symptoms associated with hay fever (allergic rhinitis), itching caused by sunburns or insect bites, hives, and minor skin irritation. Additionally, the medication is known to possess sedative properties due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it an effective ingredient in sleep aids. Its administration can induce drowsiness, which may be beneficial for people experiencing insomnia or other sleep disorders.
Therapeutic Uses
Beyond its use as a symptomatic relief for allergic reactions and sedation, diphenhydramine is sometimes prescribed off-label for managing anxiety symptoms, treating motion sickness, and in certain cases, as an adjunct treatment for depression. When used appropriately under medical supervision, the medication can offer significant therapeutic benefits. However, it’s essential to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional regarding its usage due to potential side effects.
Safety Profile
It is crucial to note that diphenhydramine should be used with caution in specific patient populations. The drug is contraindicated for individuals who are prone to urinary retention or have angle-closure glaucoma. Caution must also be exercised when administering the medication to patients suffering from prostatic hypertrophy, severe liver impairment, and those on other sedatives due to the risk of additive effects.
Diphenhydramine side effects
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Stomach upset or nausea
- Constipation
- Blurred vision or double vision
- Nervousness or anxiety
- Insomnia (rarely)
- Agitation or restlessness (in children)
- Confusion, especially in older adults
- Changes in blood pressure
Disclaimer
The content on this website is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The information provided here is based on general research and may not apply to individual circumstances. We do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any content on this website. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any changes to your medication or health routine.