Fosfomycin

What is Fosfomycin?

Fosfomycin, also known as Monuril or Monurel in some countries, is an antibiotic medication used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby preventing the bacteria from multiplying and leading to infection resolution. Fosfomycin is typically administered orally or as a single intramuscular injection for gonorrhea treatment in adults. The antibiotic has a unique mechanism of action compared to other antibiotics, targeting specific enzymes involved in bacterial metabolism. Its efficacy against certain resistant bacterial strains makes it a valuable addition to the antimicrobial armamentarium.

What is Fosfomycin used for?

Fosfomycin, also known as monosodium salt of fosfomycin A or phosphonomycin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication that belongs to the class of phosphonic acid antimicrobials. It was first discovered in 1969 and has been approved for use in various countries since then.

Fosfomycin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in bacteria, ultimately leading to the death of the bacterial cells. This mechanism is distinct from that of penicillin-type antibiotics and makes it effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The medication has been found to be particularly useful in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, as well as being effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea.

Due to its unique mechanism of action and broad-spectrum efficacy, fosfomycin has emerged as a valuable addition to the antibiotic arsenal. However, its use is generally limited due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance development when used inappropriately or over extended periods. Nonetheless, it remains an important treatment option for patients with specific infections, particularly those resistant to other antibiotics.

Clinical data have shown fosfomycin to be effective and well-tolerated in most patients, with a relatively low risk of adverse effects compared to other antibiotic classes. Its pharmacokinetics allow for once-daily dosing regimens, which are advantageous in clinical practice. As such, fosfomycin represents an option of interest for healthcare providers seeking an alternative treatment for selected infections.

Fosfomycin side effects

• Diarrhea • Nausea • Vomiting • Abdominal pain • Headache • Dizziness • Weakness • Fatigue • Muscle or bone pain • Increased risk of pseudomembranous colitis • Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. rash, itching) • Anaphylaxis • Stevens-Johnson syndrome • Toxic epidermal necrolysis


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